TED | 如何激发每个孩子成为终生阅读者？

演讲简介

 

根据美国教育部统计，超过85%的四年级黑人男孩不擅长阅读。我们应该创造怎样的阅读体验来确保所有孩子能够良好地阅读？在这个促使大家重新思考我们如何教授阅读的演讲中，教育家兼作家艾文·尔比解释了许多黑人男孩面临的阅读挑战，并向我们讲述了有文化能力的教育者如何帮助所有孩子认同他们自己是阅读者。

 

 

演讲精彩片段（节选）欣赏

 

85 percent! The more challenges to reading children face, the more culturally competent educators need to be. Moonlighting as a stand-up comedian for the past eight years, I understand the importance of cultural competency, which I define as the ability to translate what you want someone else to know or be able to do into communication or experiences that they find relevant and engaging.

85%！孩子们面对的阅读挑战越多，教育者们所需要的文化能力越高。在过去八年兼职做喜剧演员时，我了解到文化能力的重要性，我认为这种能力可以把你想要别人知道或能够做到的，翻译成他们认为与之有关且愿意参与的交流或体验。

 

Before going on stage, I assess an audience. Are they white, are they Latino? Are they old, young, professional, conservative? Then I curate and modify my jokes based on what I think would generate the most laughter. While performing in a church, I could tell bar jokes. But that might not result in laughter.

在上台之前，我会评估观众。他们是白人？拉丁美洲人？他们年长、年轻、专业、还是保守？然后我会策划和修改我的笑话依据我对怎样能引发更多笑声的考量。我在教堂表演时可以说个酒吧笑话。但可能根本没人会笑。

 

As a society, we’re creating reading experiences for children that are the equivalent of telling bar jokes in a church. And then we wonder why so many children don’t read. Educator and philosopher Paulo Freire believed that teaching and learning should be two-way.Students shouldn’t be viewed as empty buckets to be filled with facts but as cocreators of knowledge.

在社会环境中，我们为孩子们创造阅读体验就像是在教堂里讲酒吧笑话。然后我们纳闷为什么这么多孩子不阅读。教育家兼哲学家保罗·弗莱雷相信教和学应该是双向的。学生们不应被看作是需要被填满事实的空桶，而应是知识的共同创作者。

 

Cookie-cutter curriculums and school policies that require students to sit statue-still or to work in complete silence - these environments often exclude the individual learning needs, the interest and expertise of children. Especially black boys.

一刀切的课程和学校政策要求学生端坐或保持安静——这些环境通常抑制了孩子们的个体学习需求、兴趣和专长。尤其是黑人男孩们。

 

Many of the children’s books promoted to black boys focus on serious topics, like slavery, civil rights and biographies.Less than two percent of teachers in the United States are black males. And a majority of black boys are raised by single mothers. There are literally young black boys who have never seen a black man reading. Or never had a black man encourage him to read. What cultural factors, what social cues are present that would lead a young black boy to conclude that reading is even something he should do?

很多给黑人男孩的儿童书籍都聚焦在诸如奴隶制、公民权利和传记这样的严肃主题。黑人男性在美国教师中占比不到2%。大多数黑人男孩由单亲母亲抚养。甚至还有黑人男孩从来没见过一个黑人男性阅读。或从来没有被一个黑人男性去鼓励阅读。有什么文化因素、社会诱因来使得一个黑人男孩觉得阅读是一件他应该做的事？

 

This is why I created Barbershop Books. It’s a literacy non profit that creates child-friendly reading spaces in barbershops. The mission is simple: to help young black boys identify as readers.Lots of black boys go to the barber shop once or twice a month.

这是为什么我创立了理发店书籍（BarbershopBooks）。这是一个扫盲的非营利组织旨在理发店里创造对孩子们友好的阅读空间。使命很简单：就是帮助年少的黑人男孩认同自己是阅读者。很多黑人男孩每月去理发店一两次。

 

Some see their barbers more than they see their fathers. Barbershop Books connects reading to a male-centered space and involves black men and boys’ early reading experiences. This identity-based reading program uses a curated list of children’s books recommended by black boys. These are the books that they actually want to read.

有些孩子见到理发师的次数比见到他们父亲的次数还多。理发店连接着阅读和以男性为主导的空间并让黑人男性参与到男孩早期阅读体验中。这个基于认同的阅读计划使用由黑人男孩推荐的儿童书籍清单。这些是他们想要去读的书。