TED | 5种倾听的方法

演讲简介

 

我们生活的世界正在变得越来越嘈杂，声音专家Julian Trasure 说，”我们正在失去倾听的能力”这个简短但十分精彩的演讲中，特雷热分享了5 种方法来调节你的听觉习惯，从而更好的去倾听你身边的朋友和整个世界。

 

 

 

演讲精彩片段（节选）欣赏

 

I said at the beginning, we’re losing our listening. Why did I say that? Well there are a lot of reasons for this. First of all, we invented ways of recording - first writing, then audio recording and now video recording as well. The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared. Secondly, the world is now so noisy, (Noise) with this cacophony going on visually and auditorily, it’s just hard to listen; it’s tiring to listen. Many people take refuge in headphones, but they turn big, public spaces like this, shared soundscapes, into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles. In this scenario, nobody’s listening to anybody.

我在演讲开始的时候说过，我们正逐渐丧失倾听的能力。我为什么这么说呢？这里面有许多的原因。首先，我们发明了记录的方式一开始通过书写，接着是录音，然后到了现在可以记录影像。精确、仔细的倾听所带来的好处已经消失了。第二，现在的世界太嘈杂了。（噪音）伴随着视觉、听觉上的这样的污染。已经很难去倾听了，也疲于去倾听了。许多人用耳机逃避吵杂的世界，但是他们把像这样的庞大的，公共空间，本可被共享的音乐场景，变成了数百万个这样的私人音乐小气泡。这种情况下，没有人会倾听其他人。

 

We’re becoming impatient. We don’t want oratory anymore, we want soundbites. And the art of conversation is being replaced - dangerously, I think - by personal broadcasting. I don’t know how much listening there is in this conversation, which is sadly very common, especially in the U.K. We’re becoming desensitized. Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines in order to get our attention. And that means it’s harder for us to pay attention to the quiet, the subtle, the understated.

我们正在变得浮躁。我们更青睐简单的语言而不再需要那些华丽的词藻。交谈的艺术。正在被私人化的平实语言所取代，我认为这是很危险的。我不清楚这种交谈中倾听能够占几成，通常都很不乐观，特别是在英国。我们正在变得麻木，媒体不得不用这样的标题向我们“嘶吼”。就是为了夺人眼球，这就意味着我们难以专注于安静的、细微的、需要理解的东西。

 

This is a serious problem that we’re losing our listening. This is not trivial. Because listening is our access to understanding. Conscious listening always creates understanding. And only without conscious listening can these things happen - a world where we don’t listen to each other at all, is a very scary place indeed. So I’d like to share with you five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you, to improve your own conscious listening. Would you like that?

丧失倾听的能力是个很严重的问题。这不是没有意义的，因为倾听是我们去认识事物的途径，有意识的去倾听往往有助于我们的理解力。如果失去有意识的倾听，就会导致以下的后果——一个人们不会相互倾听的世界是非常可怕的。因此，我希望与大家分享五个简单的技巧来帮助大家改进自己有意识的倾听。你们想听吗？

 

(Audience: Yes.) Good.

（听众：当然）。好！

 

The first one is silence. Just three minutes a day of silence is a wonderful exercise to reset your ears and to recalibrate so that you can hear the quiet again. If you can’t get absolute silence, go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.

首先是安静。每天只需拿出三分钟让自己安静下来，就是一个很好的练习，来让听觉系统进行重置和调整，从而可以再一次感受到宁静。如果没有完全无声的环境，那就去一个安静的地方也没问题。

 

Second, I call this the mixer. (Noise) So even if you’re in a noise environment like this - and we all spend a lot of time in places like this - listen in the coffee bar to how many channels of sound can I hear? How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to? You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake. How many birds am I hearing? Where are they? Where are those ripples? It’s a great exercise for improving the quality of your listening.

第二点，我称之为混合器。（噪音）即使你在一个像这样嘈杂的环境中，我们很多时间都生活在这样的环境中——在咖啡厅里听，你可以听到多少种声音？你可以在混杂噪音中分辨出多少独立的声音？这种方法也可以在幽静的地方练习，比如在湖边。我可以听到多少种鸟叫声？它们从哪里发出？传向哪里？这也是很好的练习，来改善我们的听觉能力。

 

Third, this exercise I call savoring, and this is a beautiful exercise. It’s about enjoying mundane sounds. This, for example, is my tumble dryer. (Dryer) It’s a waltz. One, two, three. One, two, three. One two three. I love it. Or just try this one on for size. (Coffee grinder) Wow! So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention. I call that the hidden choir. It’s around us all the time.

第三点，我称之为品味声音。这是个很好的练习，是关于享受平淡声音的。比如说，这是我的滚筒式干衣机。（干衣机）像华尔兹一样。1－2－3，1－2－3，1－2－3。我喜欢它。或者试试这个。（咖啡研磨机）哇喔！如果你用心，如此平凡的声音也可以这样有趣，我称其为隐形合唱团。他们一直都在我们周围。

 

The next exercise is probably the most important of all of these, if you just take one thing away. This is listening positions - the idea that you can move your listening position to what’s appropriate to what you're listening to. This is playing with those filters. Do you remember, I gave you those filters at the beginning. It’s starting to play with them as levers, to get conscious about them and to move to different places. These are just some of the listening positions, or scales of listening positions, that you can use. There are many. Have fun with that. It’s very exciting.

下一个练习，也许是五项之中最重要的。如果只选一个的话。那就是倾听的状态——你可以改变你倾听的状态，根据你所听的内容而定。这些要用到哪些过滤器，还记得吗，我开始的时候提到过的。像一个杠杆一样去运用它们根据它们来移动到不同的地方，屏幕上只是一部分倾听的状态，或者是大家可以运用的倾听状态的一些尺度。还有许多，它很有趣，很让人激动。

 

And finally, an acronym. You can use this in listening, in communication. If you’re in any one of those roles - and I think that probably is everybody who’s listening to this talk - the acronym is RASA, which is the Sanskrit word for juice or essence. And RASA stands for Receive, which means pay attention to the person; Appreciate, making little noises like hmm, oh, okay; Summarize, the word “so” is very important in communication; and Ask, ask questions afterward.

最后，是一个缩略词。你可以在倾听、交流时用到它。只要你处于其中一种情况下——我想可能听这个演讲的在座各位都是吧，这个缩写就是RASA。它本身是个梵文，意思是汁液或者精华。同时RASA这里代表着接受，意思是关注于与你交谈的人。赏识，做出些反映。比如，恩，哦，好不错；小结。“所以，因此”这个词在交流中是非常重要的，以及询问，最后的时候问些问题。