TED | 怎样的时间观念才是健康的？

演讲简介

 

心理学家Philip Zimbardo说我们大部分人都忽略了幸福和成功的来源：那就是我们观望过去、面向现在和展望未来。要想改善生活质量，他建议我们首先要调整时间观念。

 

 

演讲精彩片段（节选）欣赏

  

So, time paradox, I want to argue, the paradox of time perspective, is something that influences every decision you make, you’re totally unaware of. Namely, the extent to which you have one of these biased time perspectives. Well there is actually six of them. There are two ways to be present-oriented. There is two ways to be past-oriented, two ways to be future.

那么，时间悖论，这里我要讨论的是：时间洞察力的悖论会不会有某个因素影响你做出的每一个决定而你又完全不知？那你就具有某种程度上的片面的时间洞察力实际上是有六种时间洞察力，其中两个属于“面向现在”两个属于“观望过去”，还有两个属于“展望未来”。

 

You can focus on past-positive, or past-negative. You can be present-hedonistic, namely you focus on the joys of life, or present-fatalist - it doesn’t matter, your life is controlled. You can be future-oriented,setting goals. Or you can be transcendental future: namely, life begins after death. Developing the mental flexibility to shift time perspectives fluidly depending on the demands of the situation, that’s what you’ve got to learn to do.

你可以专注于“积极经历”或“消极经历”也可以专注于“享受现在”指的是你专注于生活中的快乐，或者自身宿命这些都无所谓，因为你的生活尽在掌握当然，你也可以“展望未来”，设定一个目标或者超越未来，指的是：生命在死后重新开始 通过增强精神灵活性来顺利地提升时间洞察力 这有赖于环境的需求 这就是你要学着去做的。

 

So, very quickly, what is the optimal time profile? High on past-positive. Moderately high on future. And moderate on present-hedonism. And always low on past-negative and present-fatalism.

那么，什么是最佳的时间洞察力呢？高度依赖于“积极经历”，适度依赖于未来，适度依赖于”享受现在“，永远不考虑“消极经历”和“宿命论” 。

 

So the optimal temporal mix is what you get from the past - past-positive gives you roots. You connect your family, identity and your self. What you get from the future is wings to soar to new destinations, new challenges. What you get from the present hedonism is the energy, the energy to explore yourself, places,people, sensuality.

其实，最佳的时间洞察力是由你过去的经历 “积极经历”奠定了基础，你和你的家庭，独立自主 从未来得到是 值得奋斗的目标，新的挑战 从“享受现在”中得到的是动力 去探索自身 世界、他人以及原始需求。

 

Any time perspective in excess has more negatives than positives. What do futures sacrifice for success? They sacrifice family time. They sacrifice friend time. They sacrifice fun time. They sacrifice personal indulgence. They sacrifice hobbies. And they sacrifice sleep. So it affects their health. And they live for work, achievement and control. I’m sure that resonates with some of the TEDsters. (Laughter)

任何时间洞察力中总是负性多于正性的，举个例子：为了将来的成功我们需要牺牲些什么呢？我们需要牺牲和家庭在一起的时光，需要牺牲和朋友在一起的时光，需要牺牲那些快乐的时光，需要牺牲个人嗜好需要牺牲业余爱好，需要牺牲睡眠时间。因此会影响身体健康他们的生活中只有工作、成就和控制欲我保证你们在座的一些人会对此引起共鸣（笑声）。

 

And it resonated for me. I grew up as a poor kid in the South Bronx ghetto, a Sicilian family - everyone lived in the past and present. I’m here as a future-oriented person who went over the top,who did all these sacrifices because teachers intervened, and made me future oriented.

这些与我引起了共鸣，我出生于南布朗克斯贫民窟中的一个贫困的西西里岛人的家庭中。每个人都是在沉湎过去和活在当下在这里，我，作为一位“展望未来”的人拜我的老师所赐，我做出了以上所有的牺牲并将我改变成为一位“展望未来”的人。

 

Told me don’t eat that marshmallow, because if you wait you’re going to get two of them, until I learned to balance out. I’ve added present-hedonism, I’ve added a focus on the past-positive, so, at 76 years old,I am more energetic than ever, more productive, and I’m happier than I have ever been.

告诉我不要那个棉花糖因为如果你等待的话，就能吃到2个直到我学会了如何平衡舍与得的关系。现在我学会了“享受现在”，同时也学会了观望“积极经历”因此，在我76岁的时候，我感觉到从没有过的精力、动力现在的我比以前任何时候都要快乐！

 

I just want to say that we are applying this to many world problems: changing the drop-out rates of school kids,combating addictions, enhancing teen health, curing vets’ PTSD with time metaphors - getting miracle cures - promoting sustainability and conservation, reducing physical rehabilitation where there is a 50-percent dropout rate, altering appeals to suicidal terrorists, and modifying family conflicts as time-zone clashes.

这里，我只是想说：要应用这个原理去解决世界上的很多问题改变学校的退学率打击毒品，增强青少年健康用时间隐喻法治疗那些患有创伤后应激障碍的老兵——创造医学奇迹 促进可持续发展和保护，在具有50%退出率的医院内减缓身体康复，改变那些呼吁自杀的恐怖分子，将家庭矛盾转化为时间区域的冲突。

 

So I want to end by saying: many of life’s puzzles can be solved by understanding your time perspective and that of others. And the idea is so simple, so obvious, but I think the consequences are really profound. Thank you so much. (Applause)

最后我想说的是，如果真正理解自身的以及其他人的时间观点的话，生活中的许多困惑都会被解开。道理是简单且显而易见的，但结论是深奥的。谢谢！（掌声）