直播生活是商机还是危机？
Live streaming is becoming big business, with millions of people around the world broadcasting the minutiae of their daily lives in real time to adoring fans - and making small fortunes in the process. But is it safe?
直播正在成为巨大的商机，全世界成百上千万的人在实时直播他们日常生活中的琐事以使粉丝崇拜——在这个过程中赚点小钱。但是这安全吗？
Samantha Firth, a 21-year-old nanny living in Chicago, walks to the subway with her friend. So far, so ordinary.
21岁的萨曼莎·弗斯是住在芝加哥的保姆，她和朋友一起走向地铁。很远很平常。
But she is simultaneously broadcasting her 15-minute journey live via her mobile to thousands of avid followers.
但她同时通过手机向成千上万的狂热追随者播放了15分钟的旅程。
"You guys are lit," she says excitedly as she looks at the stream of rolling messages and emojis that are popping up on her screen from her fans.
当她看着她的粉丝们在屏幕上弹出的滚动消息和表情时，她兴奋地说：“你们亮起来了。”
It used to be that only film stars would be famous, but thanks to reality TV, YouTube and bloggers, anyone can have their "fifteen minutes" of fame, as Andy Warhol predicted.
过去，只有电影明星有名，但是多亏了现实版TV，优酷和博客，任何人都能拥有自己的“十五分钟成名”，就像安迪预测的那样。
The proliferation of live broadcasting tools, pioneered by Meerkat several years ago ,has given many young people the chance to broadcast every aspect of their lives - whether they’re brushing their hair in their bedroom or out dancing with friends.
几年前，由Meerkat发起的直播工具的广泛传播给年轻人直播自己各方面生活的机会——无论他们是在卧室梳头还是和朋友出去跳舞。
In China alone, the entertainment live streaming market is valued at 5bn pounds, according to Credit Suisse.
据瑞士信贷数据，仅在中国，娱乐直播市场估值就为50亿英镑。
And in the US, 63% of 18-34 year-olds are watching live content and 42% creating it, finds a study by UBS Evidence Lab.
瑞银证据实验室的一项研究发现，在美国，63%的18-34岁的人在观看直播内容，42%的人创造直播内容。
But for many like Ms Firth, this isn’t just narcissistic fun, it’s a cash cow.
但是对于许多像弗斯小姐这样的人来说，这不仅仅是种自恋乐趣，而是一颗摇钱树。
She joined Live.me - owned by China’s Cheetah Mobile - eight months ago after moving from Sydney to Chicago. The live-in nanny has since become one of the most popular broadcasters on the site, amassing 350,000 fans.
八个月前，她从悉尼迁往芝加哥，加入了中国猎豹移动拥有的Live.me。从此，这位在线保姆已经成为网站上最受欢迎的主播之一，共吸引了35万名粉丝。
These devotees bombard her with virtual gifts - animated stickers that can be converted into "diamonds" and then real money - helping her pull in about $21,000 a month.
这些粉丝用虚拟礼物轰炸她——可以变成“钻石”，然后换成钱的动画贴纸，帮助她每月收入21000美元。
"Coming from a different country it has been difficult to make friends, but this app has allowed me to connect with people who have the same interests," she says of her reasons for joining.
她说出了自己加入的原因：“来自一个不同的国家很难交朋友，但是这个APP允许我和兴趣相同的人联系。”
"I spend most of my free time broadcasting because it’s where most of my friends are."
“我把自己的大部分时间花在直播上，因为我的大部分朋友在这里。”
She is keen to portray a candid version of herself, pimples and all.
她热衷袒露真实的自己，粉刺和全部。
"I don’t wear make-up, I wear sweatshirts and sweatpants," she says. "Sometimes I cry when someone says something hurtful on a broadcast."
她说：“我不化妆，我穿着运动衫和运动裤。有时，当有人在直播里说话伤人时，我会哭。”
Like Live.me, live streaming platform YouNow enables these citizen broadcasters to make money from fans sending them virtual gifts. Fans of some streaming sites can also subscribe monthly to their favourite live streamers.
像Live.me一样，现场直播平台YouNow使这些公民主播能够通过粉丝发送虚拟礼物来赚钱。 、一些流媒体网站的粉丝也可以每月订阅他们最喜爱的主播。
It’s been a real money spinner for the top broadcasters, who can earn up to $200,000 a year.
TOP主播真是能赚钱的人，一年能赚200000美金。
But for all its engagement value and monetisation potential, you only have to search online to see that live streaming has its dark side.
但是除了所有的参与价值和货币化潜力外，您只需要在线搜索即可看到现场直播具有黑暗面。
Earlier this year, 12-year-old Katelyn Nicole Davis took her own life and broadcast it live on Live.me, while there have been many reports about paedophiles watching live streaming of child sex abuse.
今年早些时候，12岁的凯特琳妮可.戴维斯在Live.me上直播自己的生活，当时有关恋童癖者观看儿童性虐待直播的报道很多。
"Live streaming apps and sites can expose young people to graphic and distressing content and can leave them vulnerable to bullying and online harassment," an NSPCC [National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children] spokesman tells the BBC.
NSPCC（防止虐待儿童协会）发言人告诉英国广播公司：“直播apps和网站可以让年轻人看到令人不安的内容，让他们很易收到侮辱和线上骚扰的侵害。”
"Worryingly, live chat can also be used by groomers to target young people who may be manipulated into sending sexual images and videos."
“令人担忧的是，直播聊天也可以定位年轻人，他们中的很多人可能被操纵发送性图像和视频。”
Khudor Annous, head of marketing and partnerships at Live.me, says the company has a number of safeguards, including a facial recognition tool that can supposedly spot anyone who’s under the age of 13 on the app.
Live.me营销和合作伙伴负责人Khudor Annous表示，该公司拥有一系列的保障措施，其中包括面部识别工具，可以在APP里发现任何未满13岁的人。
"We have also provided users with reporting tools to report a channel if they identify a child in the app. "
“我们还为使用者提供报告工具，报告他们在APP里发现的孩子。”
But there are also concerns that the broadcasters are themselves exploiting young people.
但也有人担心主播本身正在剥削年轻人。
Clinical psychologist Linda Blair describes the rise of young people live streaming as "very sad".
临床心理学家琳达·布莱尔将年轻人使用直播增加描绘成“非常伤心的”。
She adds: "It’s an indication of loneliness. They might temporarily feel great but it’s only a distraction."
她补充道：“这是孤独的信号。他们可能暂时觉得很棒，但这只是分散注意力罢了。”
