全球变暖或使东非旱灾雪上加霜
The rains failed late last year.
去年年末的降雨量极少。
And the rains before that were meager.
而在那之前的降雨量也是少得可怜。
Livestock have died.
牲畜纷纷死去。
Crops have failed.
庄稼颗粒无收。
Famine threatens Somalia for the second time this decade.
饥荒已经是近10年来第2次降临索马里了。
While drought is not uncommon in this dry region,
虽然在索马里这个干旱重地,旱灾已是稀松平常,
it has gotten worse,
但现在却是每况愈下,
says University of California at Santa Barbara, a climate scientist, Chris Funk.
加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉校区的气候科学家克里斯说道。
Yes, so what we've seen over the last, say, 35 years is that the rainfall during what's called the long rains has declined substantially.
是的,我们在过去大概35年间见证了本该是长雨季的时段里,雨量的骤减。
Funk says the explanation may lie in an atmospheric cycle that links East Africa and the Pacific Ocean.
克里斯对此的解释是,这与将东非和太平洋联系起来的大气循环有关。
Warm, wet air rises over the western Pacific, causing rain over Southeast Asia.
暖湿空气升到太平洋西部上空,在东南亚地区造成降雨。
On the other side of the cycle, dry air descends over East Africa. That’s why not much rain falls here even in normal years.
而在这个循环的另一边,干空气升到东非上空。这就是为什么即便在正常降雨期,东非地区也没有很多降雨量的原因。
But when the western Pacific is warmer, it pushes the whole system harder: more rain over Southeast Asia, and more dry air descending on East Africa.
而当太平洋西部天气稍暖些的时候,整个气候系统的循环力度更强:东南亚地区降雨会更多,而东非地区的干空气更多。
More dry air means more drought.
干空气越多,旱灾越严重。
And Chris Funk says the ocean is getting warmer.
而克里斯说,太平洋气温越来越高了。
The warming over the western Pacific appears to be pretty much directly related to increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
太平洋西部变暖似乎与大气温室气体的增加有直接的关系。
Research shows that in the past, a warmer ocean meant a drier East Africa. But Funk says it is not entirely clear whether the current drying trend will continue.
研究表明,过去的话,太平洋地区温度越高,东非旱灾越严重。但克里斯说,现在这个趋势是否会继续下去还不十分确定。
One of the things making it hard to look into the future is the fact that the story told by the global climate models, the climate change models, is pretty much the exact opposite of what we're seeing in East Africa.
预测未来的一个难点是,气候变化的模型的预测与我们在东非看到的情况完全相反。
The models predict it should be getting wetter. But experts increasingly think the models maybe flawed in this area. They are still working on it.
那些气候变化模型的预测是东非的降雨量会不断增加。但专家愈发认为,这些模型可能不适用于东非地区。他们仍然在继续研究当中。